11/27/2023 0 Comments Bioinformatics at millipore sigmaControl of black Sigatoka is primarily through the extensive application of fungicides, which are estimated to account for 25–30% of the cost of production. The disease also causes premature fruit ripening, which is problematic for banana export companies, since bananas may over-ripen in transit. fijiensis leads to necrotic streaking on leaves and loss of photosynthetic capacity. It has become one of the most important diseases of banana world-wide, causing up to 50% yield loss. Black Sigatoka was first described in Fiji in 1963, and since then it has spread to most banana-growing regions around the world, including Latin America, Asia, Africa, and throughout the Pacific. Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the causal agent of black Sigatoka, also known as black leaf streak disease of banana and plantain. This funding does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: Partial funding for this project was obtained from Dole Food Company to support a graduate assistantship. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files, and the raw RNA-Seq data will be available upon acceptance at NCBI accession SRP075820.įunding: This work was funded by a gift from Dole Food Company to MED and by graduate fellowships from the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health to RDN. Received: ApAccepted: JPublished: July 7, 2016Ĭopyright: © 2016 Noar, Daub. PLoS ONE 11(7):Įditor: Minou Nowrousian, Ruhr-University Bochum, GERMANY Three other clusters, however were strongly upregulated during disease development in banana, suggesting that they may encode polyketides important in pathogenicity.Ĭitation: Noar RD, Daub ME (2016) Bioinformatics Prediction of Polyketide Synthase Gene Clusters from Mycosphaerella fijiensis. RT-PCR and RNA-Seq analysis showed that the melanin PKS cluster was down-regulated in infected banana as compared to growth in culture. fijiensis PKS sequences, but three others were not found in either species. eumusae, showed that these two species have close homologs to five of the M. fijiensis PKS sequences with those of two other banana pathogens, M. One of the PKS sequences was not similar (< 60% similarity) to sequences in any of the 103 genomes, suggesting that it encodes a unique compound. A search for homologs among available genomic sequences from 103 Dothideomycetes identified close homologs (>80% similarity) for six of the PKS sequences. None of the other clusters were closely aligned with genes encoding known polyketides, however three of the PKS genes fell into clades with clusters encoding alternapyrone, fumonisin, and solanapyrone produced by Alternaria and Fusarium species. Phylogenetic analysis identified a putative PKS cluster encoding melanin biosynthesis. Gene clusters contained types of genes frequently found in PKS clusters including genes encoding transporters, oxidoreductases, methyltransferases, and non-ribosomal peptide synthases. Analysis of the PKS domains identified three of the PKS enzymes as non-reducing and two as highly reducing. fijiensis into the 23rd percentile for the number of PKS genes compared to other Dothideomycetes. Eight PKS gene clusters were identified in the M. fijiensis genome sequence to predict PKS genes and their gene clusters and make bioinformatics predictions about the types of compounds produced by these clusters. Mycosphaerella fijiensis, causal agent of black Sigatoka disease of banana, is a Dothideomycete fungus closely related to fungi that produce polyketides important for plant pathogenicity.
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